Claudius orders the two courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to take Hamlet to England as soon as possible. Queen Gertrude, deeply troubled by the play, summons her son to talk. Polonius hides behind a curtain to listen. Dead, for a ducat, dead! It also remains unclear whether she was actively involved in the murder or married the new king only for sheer lack of principles.
She tells Claudius about what Hamlet has done, maintaining, however, that her son acted in a state of mental derangement. The king is deeply concerned because he fears that the blame for murdering Polonius could fall on him.
The prince agrees to embark for England, but just before his departure he watches as the Norwegian Prince Fortinbras passes by on his campaign against Poland. Hamlet sees the energetic, young Norwegian as a contrast to himself, and he resolves to overcome his perpetual dithering and finally take action.
Yet on his crossing to England, pirates ambush his ship. He is released for a ransom and unexpectedly returns to Denmark. After the death of her father, Ophelia goes insane, singing and holding flowers in her hand.
However, Claudius effortlessly convinces Laertes that it was Hamlet who murdered Polonius. Together, they plot to kill the prince. Laertes is supposed to challenge Hamlet to a friendly duel. Instead of fighting with the usual blunt sword, he will use a sharpened weapon coated with poison, thereby killing the prince seemingly by accident. If the plot fails, the king will hand Hamlet a poisoned chalice as a refreshment after the fight. While Claudius and Laertes are still discussing their ruse, they hear from the queen that Ophelia, while picking flowers for a wreath, fell into a river and drowned.
Laertes breaks into tears. Hamlet and his friend Horatio watch this macabre spectacle, not knowing whose grave it is that the man digs. The prince, who personally knew the deceased, takes the skull and philosophizes about the transience of human life and the nullity of greatness and might in the face of death. Suddenly, Hamlet and Horatio spot a funeral procession led by Laertes. Hamlet hears the queen lamenting that the deceased should have become her daughter-in-law, and it dawns on him that Ophelia is dead.
They end up fighting and must be separated. With disguised handwriting and a forged seal, he changed the order to the effect that the English were to kill the messengers instead, thus sending Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their doom.
Hamlet feels no remorse, because — in his view — the two have disgraced themselves as opportunists. While attending the fight, Gertrude unwittingly drinks from the chalice with the poisoned wine. In the thick of the fight, the contenders accidentally swap their swords.
The tainted weapon cuts them both, dooming them to death. As the play progresses, hatred becomes evident between many characters of the play.
After a deeper study of the play however, it becomes evident that two characters are more responsible for it being a tragedy, Hamlet and Claudius. However, after examining Claudius' conniving character, and the facts that he's responsible for causing the numerous revenge plots and leaving Fortinbras with a bloody kingdom, it becomes evident that he is more responsible for the tragedy within the pl!
Claudius is more responsible for the tragedy within the play because of his conniving character. This scheming character of his is highlighted when he aggressively demands the king of England to kill Hamlet upon his arrival. And, England, if my love thou hold'st at aught-- As my great power thereof may give thee sense, Since yet thy cicatrice looks raw and red After the Danish sword, and thy free awe Pays homage to us--thou mayst not coldly set Our sovereign process; which imports at full, By letters congruing to that effect, The present death of Hamlet.
In addition to the play ending with the death of Hamlet and a host of others, Hamlet himself is a classic tragic protagonist. Like other tragic heroes, he displays many admirable traits. Despite his sadness, Hamlet is an intelligent young man of great potential, as many other characters recognize.
Finally, part of the reason Hamlet sets out down the dark path to destruction is that he succumbs to increasing isolation. His isolation amplifies his inwardness, and it also has tragic effects on others.
His rejection of Ophelia, combined with his murder of her father, drives her to madness and, presumably, to suicide. For all that it resembles a traditional tragedy, Hamlet also strains the usual conventions of the genre.
The choice he makes that leads to many of the tragic consequences of the play—such as the death of Ophelia—is his choice to isolate himself from everyone else, behave erratically, and pretend to be mad.
Had Hamlet been Othello the tragedy wouldn't have occurred. His philosophical soliloquies make it a poetic play rather than a realistic one. Ophelia, her father and brother die primarily because of Claudius's conspiracy and Hamlet's impulsiveness. Though the conspirator is killed many other innocent people lose their lives.
It is a great disintegration. Since all the characters die at the end of the play the throne has to be given to a foreigner. It is an absolute tragedy in a way.
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