After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
Today marks the anniversary of the landmark Olmstead v. Introduction The 18th Amendment to the Constitution prohibited the "manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors Constitution From the "Statutes at Large," 40 Stat. Constitution From the "Statutes at Large," 48 Stat. Prohibition officers raiding the lunch room of Pa.
April 25, National Photo Company Collection. The Amendment was in effect for the following 13 years. It was repealed in by ratification of the Twenty-First Amendment. This was the one time in American history that a constitutional amendment was repealed in its entirety see discussion of the Twenty-First Amendment to the United States Constitution. In his important study both of the Eighteenth Amendment and its repeal, Daniel Okrent identifies the powerful political coalition that worked successfully in the two decades leading to the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment:.
Five distinct, if occasionally overlapping, components made up this unspoken coalition: racists, progressives, suffragists, populists whose ranks included a small socialist auxiliary , and nativists. Adherents of each group may have been opposed to alcohol for its own sake, but used the Prohibition impulse to advance ideologies and causes that had little to do with it.
With the income tax constitutionally established, Prohibition was now financially feasible, and the coalition supporting it could achieve its ends without facing this obstacle. Whether its ends were justifiable or worth the price paid for its enforcement is debated and will be discussed later see the Twenty-First Amendment. Richard F. In his important study of the passage and repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment, Daniel Okrent identified the powerful political coalition that worked successfully in the two decades leading to the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment:.
Racism was unashamedly blatant. Better whiskey and more of it is the rallying cry of dark faced mobs. With the nation at war with Imperial Germany, populists and nativists joined in moral condemnation of the beer-drinking culture of German-Americans, yet another component of the coalition that carried the Amendment to ratification. These groups did not share either the religion Catholic Italian-Americans and Jews or the drinking habits of the dominant American Protestant majority that felt increasingly at threat.
The Eighteenth Amendment did not, in my judgment, arise from a sober secular reflection on how to deal with the harms of alcohol abuse, which it may have aggravated, but from sectarian and highly idiosyncratic perfectionist Protestant ideals. America, a nation of immigrants, remains, as our contemporary politics shows, vulnerable to sometimes irrational fear of new immigrants of different ethnicities or religions from the dominant majority.
America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was at a vulnerable transitional moment away from the anti-racism of the Reconstruction Amendments to an increasingly racist culture importantly supported both by American politicians and by the Supreme Court of the United States in Plessy v.
Ferguson attracted for this reason to European models of racist imperialism to its own version of imperialism. The North and South, which had fought a civil war ultimately over slavery and the cultural racism that rationalized it, buried its enduring ethical meaning as white men found common ground in racist imperialist ventures abroad. Never pluck the heart of the battle cock And plant it in our people—intestine war seething against themselves.
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